by: Krystal Harris, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology)

Dr.Krystal Harris

 

We all know that cancer affecting the urinary bladder or urethra can mimic symptoms of a urinary tract infection and that cancer in this location increases the risk of developing a urinary tract infection.

Bladder cancer can occur in any breed of dog but when you see a difficult UTI in these High-Risk breeds:

Scottish Terriers, West Highland White Terriers, Wire hair Fox Terriers, Shetland Sheepdogs, Beagles, Keeshonds, Samoyeds

Or these Moderate-risk breeds:

Miniature Schnauzers, Miniature Poodles, Dobermans, Labradors, Golden Retrievers, Collies, Airedale Terriers, Chesapeake Bay Retrievers, American Eskimos, and German Shepherds

You may want to recommend a BRAF test for reassurance.

When you see these breeds for puppy exams educating clients on how early incorporation of cruciferous vegetables into the diet at least 3 times per week can lower the incidence of bladder cancer may help some of your patients live longer healthier lives.  Cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, and leafy greens contain cancer preventing substances.

Approximately 85% of dogs with TCC (Transitional Cell Carcinoma) have a BRAF mutation that can be picked up in cells shed in the urine. This test is extremely sensitive and can pick up the presence of this mutation before a mass is apparent on ultrasound.  If a case tests negative for a BRAF mutation, a BRAF plus test may pick up less commonly found mutations improving the sensitivity of the test.

A free catch urine sample of 40mls must be placed in the provided collection cup (available from Antech) and does not require refrigeration.

A positive result is 100% diagnostic for urogenital cancer (TCC of bladder, urethra, or prostate).  A false negative result can occur in a small number of dogs who do have bladder cancer but do not have a mutated BRAF gene. For these cases, additional tests will be needed.  

The goal of early detection is to have the opportunity for curative-intent options (surgery when feasible, laser ablation, or chemotherapy aimed at minimal disease).

Identifying these genetic mutations has led to the use of targeted therapy for these tumors in addition to NSAIDs and chemotherapy which will hopefully result in better disease control for these cases.